Differences in stomatal sensitivity to CO2 and light influence variation in water use efficiency and leaf carbon isotope composition in two genotypes of the C4 plant Zea mays (2024)

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Volume 75 Issue 21 15 November 2024

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Joseph D Crawford

School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University

Pullman, WA 99164

USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-6599

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Robert J Twohey, III

Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Urbana, IL 61801

USA

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Varsha S Pathare

School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University

Pullman, WA 99164

USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6220-7531

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Anthony J Studer

Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Urbana, IL 61801

USA

Correspondence: astuder@illinois.edu

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-3143

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Abstract

The ratio of net CO₂ uptake (A_net) and stomatal conductance (g_s) is an intrinsic measurement of leaf water use efficiency (WUE_i); however, its measurement can be challenging for large phenotypic screens. Measurements of the leaf carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C_leaf) may be a scalable tool to approximate WUE_i for screening because it in part reflects the competing influences of A_net and g_s on the CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) inside the leaf over time. However, in C₄ photosynthesis, the CO₂-concentrating mechanism complicates the relationship between δ¹³C_leaf and WUE_i. Despite this complicated relationship, several studies have shown genetic variation in δ¹³C_leaf across C₄ plants. Yet there has not been a clear demonstration of if A_net or g_s are the causal mechanisms controlling WUE_i and δ¹³C_leaf. Our approach was to characterize leaf photosynthetic traits of two Zea mays recombinant inbred lines (Z007E0067 and Z007E0150) which consistently differ for δ¹³C_leaf even though they have minimal confounding genetic differences. We demonstrate that these two genotypes contrasted in WUE_i driven by differences in the speed of stomatal responses to changes in pCO₂ and light that lead to unproductive leaf water loss. These findings provide support that differences in δ¹³C_leaf in closely related genotypes do reflect greater WUE_i and further suggest that differences in stomatal kinetic response to changing environmental conditions is a key target to improve WUE_i.

Carbon isotope composition, C4 photosynthesis, intrinsic water use efficiency, stomatal conductance

© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Editor: Tracy Lawson

Tracy Lawson

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University of Essex

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Differences in stomatal sensitivity to CO2 and light influence variation in water use efficiency and leaf carbon isotope composition in two genotypes of the C4 plant Zea mays (2024)

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